非酒精性脂肪肝病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的:探討非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性及发病的危险因素。方法:选取2013年1月-2015年6月本院体检人群中经B超检查为NAFLD的患者112例为NAFLD组,并选取同期B超检查正常的人群130例为对照组(NC组)。检测两组血浆Hcy,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG),空腹胰岛素(FINS),测定左右颈动脉IMT(IMT-L、IMT-R),同时计算体重指数(BMI),胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并进行相关性分析。结果:NAFLD组BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy、IMT-L、IMT-R均高于NC组(P<0.01);相关性分析显示,NAFLD组平均IMT与BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy均呈正相关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy是NAFLD的主要危险因素(P<0.01)。结论:Hcy是NAFLD发病的危险因素,且Hcy水平与IMT呈正相关,故临床需加强对危险因素的监测、控制,早期评估心血管风险,以减少心脑血管事件的发生。

【关键词】 非酒精性脂肪肝; 同型半胱氨酸; 颈动脉内中膜厚度

Study on Correlation between Plasma Homocysteine and Carotid Artery Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/WANG Yan,TU Ping,XU Dingbo,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(35):021-024

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the correlation between homocysteine(Hcy) and carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and risk factors.Method:A total of 112 cases of NAFLD were examined by B ultrasonic examination in the physical examination population of our hospital from January 2013 to June 2015 were selected as NAFLD group,and 130 cases who had normal B-mode ultrasound examination were selected as control group(NC group).The serum levels of homocysteine,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),left and right carotid artery IMT(IMT-L,IMT-R) were detected,body mass index(BMI) and Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) of two groups were calculated.Result:BMI,TG,HOMA-IR,Hcy,IMT-L and IMT-R of NAFLD group were all higher than those of NC group(P<0.01).The correlation analysis showed that the average IMT in NAFLD group were positively correlated with BMI,TG,HOMA-IR and Hcy(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,TG,HOMA-IR and Hcy were the major risk factors for NAFLD(P<0.01).Conclusion:Hcy is a risk factor for the onset of NAFLD,and the level of Hcy is positively correlated with IMT.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of the risk factors and to assess the cardiovascular risk early in order to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

【Key words】 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Homocysteine; Carotid artery intima-media thickness

First-author’s address:The Third Hospital of Nanchang,Nanchang 330009,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.35.006

近年来,生活方式的改变和饮食摄入过量导致了非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的流行,心血管疾病成為这类患者死亡的主要死因[1],这对人们健康及公共卫生造成极大危害。NAFLD患者中,胰岛素抵抗可以导致肝细胞的脂肪酸代谢障碍,从而加重肝脏脂肪变性[2-3]。而胰岛素抵抗也可以促进心血管疾病的发展。颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)被证实与心血管疾病有很强的相关性,主要用于评价动脉粥样硬化[4]。研究证实NAFLD与颈动脉IMT呈正相关[5],同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用,是心血管疾病的独立危险因子[6],可以加重胰岛素抵抗,促进动脉粥样硬化的进展[7]。本研究通过对NAFLD患者血浆Hcy与颈动脉IMT关系进行相关性研究,以进一步探讨NAFLD危险因素及与心血管病变的相关性。现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2013年1月-2015年6月本院体检人群中经B超检查为NAFLD的患者112例为NAFLD组,并选取同期B超检查正常的人群130例为对照组(NC组),其中NAFLD的诊断根据中华医学会肝脏病学分会诊断标准[8]。纳入标准:依据B超影像图诊断为脂肪肝;无饮酒史或饮酒折合乙醇量<140 g/周(女性<70 g/周)。排除标准:病毒性肝炎、自身免疫性肝炎、药物性肝炎患者;严重肝肾功能不全、心力衰竭患者;正在使用糖皮质激素、雌激素、甲氨蝶呤、他莫昔芬、抗生素、胺碘酮、维生素B、叶酸、阿司匹林、茶碱的患者。患者均对本研究知情并签署知情同意书,且本研究已经院伦理委员会审核批准。

1.2 方法 (1)通过询问病史及体格检查,记录两组患者的性别、年龄、身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI),测定收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP);(2)两组均空腹10 h,分别抽静脉血3 mL,采用拜耳2400型全自动生化分析仪检测天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),HOMA-IR=FINS×FPG/22.5;(3)采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定两组左、右颈动脉IMT(IMT-L、IMT-R)。

1.3 统计学处理 使用SPSS 19.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用 字2检验;危险因素采用Logistic多元线性逐步回归分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组一般情况及生化指标比较 两组性别、年龄、AST比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);NAFLD组BMI、SBP、DBP、ALT、TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG均高于NC组,HDL-C低于NC组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见表1。

2.2 两组FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy及IMT的比较 NAFLD组FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy、IMT-L、IMT-R均高于NC组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),见表2。

2.3 NAFLD的危险因素分析 经相关性分析显示,NAFLD组平均IMT与BMI、SBP、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、Hcy均呈正相关(P<0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.01),见表3。以平均IMT为应变量,将有意义的变量纳入方程进行Logistic回归分析,结果显示,BMI、TG、HOMA-IR、Hcy是NAFLD的主要危险因素(P<0.01),见表4。

3 讨论

研究表明,NAFLD患者发生动脉粥样硬化和心肌梗死、脑卒中的概率显著高于对照人群[8-9],有学者甚至认为NAFLD是动脉硬化的标志[10]。Fracanzani等[11]在针对NAFLD患者的对照研究中指出,NAFLD是心血管损害的危险因素之一,并能作为心血管风险的评估,因为一经诊断NAFLD,其动脉粥样硬化即已存在。在NAFLD中,胰岛素抵抗是疾病的始动因素并贯穿在疾病的病理生理过程中,其不仅促进肝脏脂肪生成,也参与了氧化应激,并产生大量活性氧(ROS)及促进炎症因子分泌,如白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)等,这些氧化应激产物与血管内皮功能障碍、动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关。本研究结果显示,NAFLD组TG、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于NC组,HDL-C低于NC组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),提示NAFLD患者已经出现胰岛素抵抗,产生高胰岛素血症和血脂异常;经相关性分析显示,NAFLD组平均IMT与HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.05);Logistic分析也显示HOMA-IR是NAFLD的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。

Hcy是蛋氨酸在肝脏代谢的中间产物,Hcy能改变细胞内的脂质代谢,升高的血清Hcy水平与脂肪肝的形成可能相关[12]。研究表明,Hcy与氧化应激、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病和动脉粥样硬化相关[13-14],且NAFLD患者中Hcy水平升高,并与胰岛素抵抗的严重程度相关[15]。有学者认为,Hcy水平升高是颈动脉粥样硬化的一个独立危险因素[16-17],且亚洲人群(包括中国)的Hcy水平明显高于其他地区[18]。Hcy在体内的代谢主要有两条途径:包括再次甲基化回到蛋氨酸,或者通过反式硫化通路形成半胱氨酸。研究发现,Hcy能够抑制胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶的活化,通过氧化应激破坏胰岛素信号传导通路[19-20]。Werstuck等[21]发现Hcy能诱导内质网应激反应,激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶,上调胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白水平,导致肝脏脂质代谢紊乱。Matté等[22]研究发现Hcy诱导氧化应激和炎症反应。本研究结果显示,NAFLD组Hcy水平显著高于NC组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),提示Hcy在NAFLD发病中起一定的作用。经相关性分析显示,NAFLD组平均IMT与Hcy水平呈正相关(P<0.05),且Logistic分析也显示Hcy是NAFLD的主要危险因素(P<0.05),提示血浆Hcy可能与NAFLD患者更容易发生动脉硬化有关。而且本研究结果还显示,BMI和TG也是NAFLD的主要危险因素(P<0.05),这与之前的研究也是一致的[11]。当然本研究也有一些不足,首先本研究使用HOMA-IR评价胰岛素抵抗,相较于葡萄糖钳夹实验是不够精确的;其次本研究靠超声诊断NAFLD,可能因诊断医师的专业水平和临床经验产生误差。

综上所述,临床需要加强对这些代谢指标进行监测,控制危险因素,对NAFLD患者心血管风险进行早期评估,以减少心脑血管事件的发生。

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(收稿日期:2017-11-14) (本文編辑:董悦)