中国南北方男性大学生在可接受冷环境区的生理适应性和主观感受


打开文本图片集

摘 要:为了研究中国南北方男性大学生在可接受冷环境区生理适应的自主性调节反应和主观感受的差异,选取南北方受试者各16名,遴选生理指标包括皮肤温度、心率(HR)、心率变异性(HRV)、呼吸率、血容量(BVP)、肌电(EMG),填写主观问卷。结果表明:南方受试者主观感受好于北方受试者;平均皮肤温度、EMG均值稍高于北方受试者;北方受试者心率值、LF/HF均值高于南方受试者;南北受试者从中性环境进入可接受冷环境区,南方受试者的主观感受指标差分均值和生理反应指标差分均值出现显著性差异的实验时间段明显少于或晚于北方受试者。结论:北方受试者对偏冷的环境更敏感,冷耐受力比南方受试者弱;冷习服弱,产生了较强的生理调节现象;南方受试者基础代谢和非战栗产热(代谢产热)稍高于北方受试者,产生较小的生理调节,有较好的冷环境忍耐力和较强的冷习服能力。

关键词:冷环境区;生理;适应性;主观感受

中图分类号:TU111.3

文献标志码:A文章编号:1674-4764(2018)04-0055-08

Abstract:This paper focuses on the physiological adaption and subjective sensation in cold acceptable environment zone between male college students of southern and northern of China. 16 subjects of southern China and 16 subjects of northern China were selected, to test their physiological parameters including skin temperature, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood volume pulse (BVP) and electromyogram (EMG), and to ask the subjects to fill in questionnaires. The experimental results revealed that: In terms of all subjective questions, southern subjects give a better response than northern subjects ; and have a higher average skin termperature and EMG value and a lower HR、LF/HF values than northern subjects; From neutral environment to cold acceptable environment zone, the experimental period of appearing the significant difference of subjective perception index differential mean and physiological response index differential mean of southern subjects are later or less than northern residents. Conclusions are:1) north subjects are more sensitive to cold environment, which are weaker to cold tolerance, have weak cold acclimation and have strong physiological regulation phenomenon; 2) Southern subjects have better tolerance to environment, which lead to result of small physiological regulation; they have a strong cold acclimation ability and their basic metabolism and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) are slightly higher than the northern.

Keywords:cold environment zone; physiology; adaption; subjective sensation

現场研究的热适应模型发现室内热中性温度与室外气候有紧密的联系,但热适应模型研究思路是建立热中性温度与气候要素函数关系,关注的是气候要素对室内热中性温度的影响结果,忽略了二者建立函数关系的生理适应性。因此,学者们开始关注人体生理适应性,大都采用皮肤温度作为生理指标[1-2],原因是皮肤温度随环境参数变化最敏感,并与TSV(热感觉投票)和TCV(热舒适投票)相关程度较高。伯克利团队在实验室模拟不同热环境(包括均匀和不均匀环境、瞬时和稳定环境),研究人体局部热感觉、热舒适和人体整体热感觉、热舒适对环境温度的响应反应[3-6],发现手指温度和手指与前臂温度梯度差值与整体热感觉的相关性高[6];其他学者也发现人体的热舒适性在很大程度上是由皮肤温度决定的,额头和躯干保持较高的皮肤温度,但四肢对建筑环境的温度变化反应敏感[7];当长时间暴露在20 ℃时,较低的皮肤温度会产生冷感觉,被认定为热舒适低限[8];人体躯干部分,尤其是腹部和中部,外侧区域明显比内侧区域对环境更敏感[9];Li等[2]发现瞬态热环境下,TSV发生在温度变化升高和降低阶段;TSV最大变化发生在温度降低阶段,表明人体对冷更敏感,敏感部位为头、胸、背、腿;此外,皮肤温度的变化率更适合预测TSV,在温度降低阶段皮温的变化率与TSV呈显著线形相关。