4种保鲜技术在冰箱内软冷冻猪肉保鲜中的应用


  摘 要:为寻找能有效延长冰箱软冷冻区(-8℃)猪肉货架期的保鲜技术,比较臭氧(15ppm)、紫外线(4.87μW/cm2)、芥末提取物(AIT)、硅窗膜(联合气调包装)4种保鲜技术,并与-18℃条件下猪肉各项理化指标进行对比。实验设计了6组:对照组Ⅰ(-8℃)、对照组Ⅱ(-18℃)、臭氧组、紫外线组、AIT组和硅窗膜组;比较不同时期的软冷冻猪肉感官指标、色差值、pH值、菌落总数、汁液流失率、TVB-N值。结果表明:硅窗膜组的猪肉在15d失水严重,猪肉表现出现干裂现象;AIT组的杀菌效果最好;臭氧和紫外线技术虽然杀菌效果明显,但加速软冷冻猪肉的脂肪氧化,对猪肉的气味产生不好的影响;AIT条件下的软冷冻猪肉与-18℃条件下猪肉的气味变化基本吻合。综合考虑,AIT组好于臭氧组和紫外线组,硅窗膜组应在猪肉保水性上改进,需要进一步探索。
  关键词:冰箱软冷冻;肉类;臭氧;紫外线;AIT;硅窗膜;货架期
  Application of Four Preservation Technologies to Preserve Soft Frozen Pork in Refrigerator
  FAN Guo-hua,TAO Le-ren,ZHANG Qing-gang,ZHANG Ting-yu,CAI Mei-yan
  (Department of food Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China)
  Abstract:In order to find an effective technology to prolong the shelf life of soft frozen pork in refrigerator (-8 ℃), four preservation technologies, treatment with ozone, ultraviolet (UV) or allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with silicone gum film, and frozen storage at -18 ℃ were compared for their effects on physicochemical properties of pork. Six experimental groups were designed as: control Ⅰ (-8 ℃), control 2Ⅱ(-18 ℃), ozone treatment, UV treatment, AIT treatment and MAP. Sensory characteristics, color difference parameters, pH, total bacterial count, juice loss rate and TVB-N were measured at different storage time-points. MAP group exhibited high levels of water loss and was dry and cracked after 15 d of storage. AIT had the best antibacterial effect on pork. Despite being effective in inhibiting microbes, ozone and UV accelerated lipid oxidation in pork and had a side effect on pork flavor. Similar changes in pork flavor were observed between AIT treatment and storage -18 ℃. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that AIT is more effective than ozone and UV for preserving pork, and MAP with silicone gum film needs improvement in terms of water-hold capacity and further exploration.
  Key words:soft freezing;meat;ozone;UV;AIT;silicone gum film;shelf life
  中图分类号:TS251.51 文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-8123(2013)01-0042-04
  软冷冻是冰箱行业前两年提出的新概念,该功能使得冷冻肉类食品可直接用刀切割,为了控制冰箱能耗,降低冰箱制造成本,各生产厂家竞相开发机械软冷冻冰箱[1]。并且为了更好的保证食品新鲜度,各生产厂家越来越热衷于在软冷冻温度下开发新型技术,目前我国对肉类货架期的主要辅助技术有气调保鲜、臭氧保鲜、添加防腐剂等。
  臭氧是一种强氧化剂,灭菌过程属于生物化学氧化反应,臭氧杀菌主要是靠其分解后产生的新生氧的氧化能力。臭氧灭菌为溶菌级,杀菌彻底,无残留,可杀灭细菌繁殖体和芽孢、病毒、真菌等,并可破坏肉毒杆菌毒素[2]。波长在200~400nm的电磁辐射称为紫外(UV)辐射或紫外线。根据不同的要求有长波紫外灯、中波紫外灯和短波紫外灯。短波紫外光对大多数微生物(包括细菌、病毒、原虫、丝状真菌、酵母和藻类等) 都有杀灭作用。可以被用于处理食品表面,控制腐败微生物的生长[3]。本实验采用的紫外杀菌灯波长为253.7nm,适用于冰箱,微波炉等电器产品,经计算,紫外泄露在国标要求范围内[4]。香辛料作为食品防腐剂和抑菌剂,因其安全、天然、无毒,已被广泛应用于食品行业[5],人们就在生产实践中发现芥菜籽、辣根、山葵等具有杀菌作用,后来发现抗菌的有效成分是具有辛辣风味的芥末提取物(AIT)[6]。气调包装是延长各类食品(包括冷却肉)货架期的最常用的最有效的方法之一。本实验采用透气性薄膜调节猪肉贮藏环境的气体成分,达到气调保鲜肉类的作用[7]。