摘 要：产业升级必须在识别优势产业前提下进行才能达到预期效果，任何不以优势产业进行升级的产业升级都是产业升级的异化。一国的比较优势变迁决定了一国产业升级的路径。不同地区由于其长期积累的比较优势不同，产业升级的方向和路径也会不同。同时，比较优势是一个动态演化的过程，文中正是基于以比较优势动态演化为核心内容的产品空间理论的视角，研究浙江省装备制造业7大产业的生产能力及各产业间的联系。通过产品空间相关模型识别其中优势产业，为产业升级提供方向和路径。文章指出，产品空间决定了比较优势的演化路径，根据对浙江省装备制造业优势产业的识别，产业升级应沿着与现有产品临近度高、空间密度高的方向进行，大力发展通用设备制造业等具有显示性比较优势的产业，增强仪器仪表及文化、办公用品机械制造业等产品复杂度较低产业的技术含量。
关键词：产品空间结构；装备制造业；产业升级。
中图分类号：F 061.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7312（2018）04-0397-06Identification and Upgrading of Dominant Industries from the
Perspective of Product Space Structure
——Taking the Equipment Manufacturing in Zhejiang province as an ExampleGUO Jiang，WANG Dedi
（School of Management，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，Shanghai 200093，China）
Abstract：Industrial upgrading must be carried out under the premise of identifying dominant industries so as to achieve the desired results.Any industrial upgrading without upgrading the dominant industries is the alienation of industrial upgrading.The change of comparative advantage of a country’s industry determines the path of industrial upgrading in this country.Because of the different advantages of longterm accumulation in different regions，the direction and path of industrial upgrading will be different.And，the comparative advantage is a dynamic evolution process.This paper，based on the theory of product space which takes the comparative advantage and dynamic evolution as the core content，studied the production capacity and the linkages among industries of the seven major equipment manufacturing industries in Zhejiang province.Through the product space correlation model，the paper identified the dominant industries，and provided the direction and path for industrial upgrading.The paper pointed out that the product space determines the comparatively advantaged evolutionary path.According to the identification of dominant industries of the equipment manufacturing industry in Zhejiang province，Industrial upgrading should be carried out in the direction of proximity to existing products and high product density，vigorously develop the general equipment manufacturing industry with a display of comparative advantage industries，enhance the instrumentation and cultural and office supplies，machinery manufacturing and other products with low complexity，technical content of the industry.
Key words：product space structure；equipment manufacturing industry；industry upgrading0 引 言
產业升级一般包括3个层面的涵义：即微观层面的产业升级，是指企业内部通过技术的提升，资源利用效率的提高以及新产品的研究开发等手段获取更高利润的过程；中观层面的产业升级，是指产业形态由劳动密集型向资金、技术密集型的转变，技术含量和附加值提高的过程；宏观层面的产业升级，是指生产要素朝着生产效率更高的产业流动，产业结构体系的不断优化和高效的过程[1]。从以上来看，不管是对国家还是企业，产业升级都有着积极的意义。产业一旦升级，一国的产业结构就会实现优化，资源的配置效率就会提高，从而推动社会总体生产率的提高。同时，产业升级必然伴随着技术的进步和创新能力的提升，那么该国产品在国际上的竞争力也会增强，工业水平不断提高。对企业来说，产业升级不仅使产品的附加值增加，企业利润增加，企业掌握了核心竞争力。而且工人收入增加，企业有更充足的资金用于扩大再生产和技术研发，从而走上良性循环的发展道路。