剖宫产术患者下肢深静脉血栓的临床分析及围产期护理干预价值研究

【摘要】 目的:探讨剖宫产术患者下肢深静脉血栓的原因及围产期护理干预在这一并发症预防中的作用。方法:选择2016年10月-2017年2月在本院施行剖宫产术的200例产妇作为研究对象,根据护理方式的不同分为观察组和对照组,各100例。观察两组临床指征、下肢深静脉血栓发生情况。结果:在临床指征方面,观察组症状较轻,各项评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在抑郁及焦虑评分方面,观察组评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在下肢深静脉血栓及肺栓塞等方面,观察组3例(3.00%),对照组12例(12.00%)。观察组评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:围产期护理干预可有效降低产妇下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,应予以深入研究推广。

【关键词】 剖宫产术; 下肢静脉血栓; 临床分析; 围产期护理

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the causes of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities in cesarean section and the effect of perinatal nursing intervention in the prevention of complications.Method:From October 2016 to February 2017 in our hospital 200 cases of parturient underwent cesarean section were selected as the research objects.According to the different nursing methods they were divided into the observation group and control group,100 cases in each group.The clinical indications and the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis of lower limb of two groups were observed.Result:In terms of clinical indications,the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).In the depression and anxiety scores,the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).In deep venous thrombosis of lower limb and pulmonary embolism,the observation group had 3 cases(3.00%),the control group had 12 cases(12.00%),the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Perinatal nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis of lower limb of maternal,should be further research and promotion.

【Key words】 Cesarean section; Deep venous thrombosis of lower limb; Clinical analysis; Perinatal nursing

First-author’s address:Wuzhou Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital,Wuzhou 543000,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.23.029

下肢深靜脉血栓指的是静脉血液在下肢深静脉血管内凝结,会造成下肢水肿、皮炎、继发性静脉曲张、瘀滞性溃疡、色素沉着等临床症状。这一疾病多见于剖宫产等患者,其引起的肺栓塞等并发症严重威胁患者身体健康,如不及时治疗,可发展为肺梗死,甚至引发呼吸衰竭[1]。随着医学发展及社会环境变化,剖宫产率逐渐增多。据统计,我国剖宫产率常年居高不下,部分医院甚至高达50%及以上[2-4]。围产期产妇血液处于高凝状态,手术后产妇长时间卧床,造成肌肉收缩、血液循环下降,增加了下肢静脉血栓发生率。同时,精神健康、疼痛等造成的应激反应也提高了下肢静脉血栓发生率[5-7]。本文对200例在本院施行剖宫产术的产妇进行围产期护理干预的对照研究,取得了良好的效果。现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般材料 选择2016年10月-2017年2月在本院施行剖宫产术的200例产妇作为研究对象,根据护理方式的不同分为观察组和对照组,各100例。

观察组中,初产妇77例,经产妇23例。其中妊娠期高血压疾病21例,胎膜早破6例,前置胎盘13例,过期妊娠10例,贫血11例,无并发症

39例;年龄21~36岁,平均(25.42±3.12)岁;体重56~84 kg,平均(65.42±4.53)kg。对照组中,初产妇79例,经产妇21例。其中妊娠期高血压疾病24例,胎膜早破7例,前置胎盘12例,过期妊娠11例,贫血14例,无并发症32例;年龄20~35岁,平均(25.02±3.35)岁;体重57~84 kg,平均(65.51±4.27)kg。两组产妇均进行剖宫产术,硬膜外麻醉,术后常规止血。两组患者一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本次研究经医学伦理委员会批准。