不同杀虫剂对烟草蚜虫的室内毒力测定


  摘 要:为筛选防治烟蚜抑制效果较好的杀虫剂,在室内的条件下,采用浸叶法测定了四种杀虫剂对烟草蚜虫的毒力。结果表明,5%啶虫脒乳油对烟草蚜虫毒力较低,LC50值为501172 mg/L,毒力较高的药剂为03%苦参碱水剂,其LC50为14328 mg/L,而70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂和03%印楝素水剂对烟草蚜虫的LC50值分别为167430 mg/L、42007 mg/L,两种植物源杀虫剂03%苦参碱水剂和03%印楝素乳油对烟草蚜虫的毒力较好。
  关键词:烟蚜;杀虫剂;毒力测定
  中图分类号:S433
  文献标识码:A
  文章编号:1008-0457(2018)04-0041-004 国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.04.006
  Toxicity determination of different insecticides against Myzus pesicae (Sulzer)
  WU Shuai1,3,LI Rongyu1,2,3*,ZHAO Qijun1,3,WU Xiaomao1,2,3,YIN Xianhui1,2,3,LONG Youhua1,2,3,HU Anlong1,2,3
  (1. Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; 2. The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; 3. Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China)
  Abstract:In order to select insecticides with good inhibitory effect on Myzus persicae (Sulzer), the toxicities of four insecticides against M. persicae were determined by leaf dipping method in the laboratory. The results showed that 5% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) had the weakest toxicity to the adults of M. persicae and the LC50 value was 50.1172 mg/L, while 0.3% matrine aqueous solution (AS) had the strongest toxicity to the aphids and the LC50 value was 1.4328 mg/L. The LC50 value of 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules (WG) was 16.7340 mg/L and that of 0.3% azadirachtin AS was 4.2007 mg/L. It is clear that 0.3% matrine AS and 0.3% azadirachtin EC, both of which are sourced from plants, had higher toxicity to M. persicae than other two insecticides.
  Key words:Myzus persicae; insecticides; toxicity determination
  烟草是我省重要的经济作物之一,贵州是中国第二大烟叶产区,常年植烟面积在13.33万hm2以上[1],而各种烟草病虫害的危害正逐渐成为贵州烟草产业发展的瓶颈。其中,烟蚜(Myzus pesicae(Sulzer)),又称桃蚜,属同翅目,蚜科昆虫,是一种危害烟草重要害虫之一[2]。烟蚜的大量发生易导致烟株生长减缓,产量降低,烟叶品质下降。烟蚜能转株交互危害,同时也是烟草病毒病的传播媒介,此外,其能诱发煤烟病,病害严重时烟叶减产极大,甚至绝收[3],造成严重的经济损失。
  在烟蚜防治中,化学防治仍然是目前烟叶生产中采用的最主要的防治手段之一。广泛、大量和长期单一使用化学农药造成烟叶生产中的“3R(Residue,Resistance,Resurgence)”问题日益严重。农药的大量单一使用,烟蚜的抗药性程度逐渐提高,烟草蚜虫对有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类农药都产生不同的抗药性[4-8]。如2015年孟建玉等[9]研究知,我省主要烟区的烟蚜对两种常用药剂(啶虫脒、溴氰菊酯)都达到中等抗性甚至高抗的水平,啶虫脒等药剂的防效也逐渐降低[4],而且农药用量的逐渐增加,造成土壤和卷烟原料中农药的残留、超标等问题。
  近几年来贵州农药市场上农药种类杂繁,用药单一,而药剂筛选的相关报道较少,尤其是有关植物源杀虫剂对烟蚜的研究更少,很多高效、低毒、低残留药剂没有得到充分合理的利用。而植物源殺虫剂具有易降解、对环境无污染、毒性低、对天敌相对安全、不易使害虫产生抗药性等优点,成为替代化学农药的理想药剂[10-12]。为此,本文通过测定4种杀虫剂对贵阳地区采集烟蚜的室内毒力,旨在筛选出对烟蚜防效好、对环境污染小的防治药剂,更为田间施用高效、低毒、低残留药剂防治烟蚜提供参考,能更好的指导生产应用。